Migration Among the Tribal Communities of Rajasthan: Dynamics, Challenges, and Opportunities

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to analyze the role of migration in fostering development and social change among the tribal communities of Rajasthan. The study’s objectives are twofold: (i) to facilitate safe migration and improve the outcomes of the migration process; and (ii) to address and reduce involuntary or forced migration while expanding livelihood opportunities in the areas of origin.

Methodology: The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from a survey of 1,000 Scheduled Tribe (ST) households and qualitative data from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The methodology aims to gather detailed insights into migration patterns, employment, and livelihood dynamics within Rajasthan’s tribal communities.

Findings:

• 46% of tribal migrants engage in circular and short-term seasonal migration, primarily for up to three months.
• Male migration dominates, but 23% of migrants are women, and 10% of migrants are children under 14, severely impacting their education.
• Migrants primarily work in low-skilled, low-paid, and irregular jobs, increasing their vulnerability.
• Agriculture remains a key livelihood source, but limited economic stability forces many to migrate.
• Remittances are vital to migrant households, often used to repay loans, fund household improvements, and purchase assets.

Recommendations:

• Improve agricultural productivity and introduce sustainable resource management to reduce migration pressures.
• Expand financial services and offer skill development programs to enhance employment opportunities.
• Address indebtedness among migrant households by improving financial literacy and access to credit.
• Prevent school dropouts in high migration areas and ensure better support for migrant children.
• Enhance support for migrant tenant farmers to improve their working conditions.