Ethnographic Study of Ten Tribes of Jharkhand

Aims and Objectives: The research aims to study the socio-cultural, physical, and religious-philosophical aspects of three tribes, documenting their folklore, folk songs, communication styles, and elaborate rituals and ceremonies related to rites of passage. It seeks to understand the geographical distribution pattern and demography of these groups, analyze their main patterns of livelihoods and diversification, and examine the nature of employment and extent of migration. The study will explore dimensions of vulnerability concerning assets, indebtedness, quality of housing, access to health and education, living standards, and poverty. A particular focus will be on the gender aspects of tribal lives to understand the specific needs and problems of women distinct from men. Additionally, it will explore pathways for an effective and participatory approach toward the development and well-being of more vulnerable tribal groups in Jharkhand and document the ethnographic study of the tribes in a digitized form.

Methodology: The study was conducted in Jharkhand and employed a genealogical method to understand the demographic composition of the population, including age, sex, economy, religion, clan, and migration patterns. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Interviews were conducted to gather information on life-cycle events (from conception to birth, childhood, marriage, adulthood, old age, death, and post-death rituals) and interactions with nature and the spirit world. Structured schedules were utilized to collect empirical data, which were subsequently digitized for further analysis.

Findings:

• Socio-cultural Aspects: Detailed documentation of folklore, folk songs, communication styles, and rituals.
• Geographical Distribution and Demography: Analyzed the distribution patterns and demographic characteristics of the tribes.
• Livelihood Patterns and Migration: Examined the main livelihoods, diversification, employment nature, and migration extent.
• Vulnerability Dimensions: Studied vulnerability in terms of assets, indebtedness, housing quality, health and education access, living standards, and poverty.
• Gender Aspects: Identified specific needs and problems of women, distinguishing them from those of men.
• Development Pathways: Suggested effective and participatory approaches for developing and enhancing the well-being of vulnerable tribal groups.

Deliverables:

• Ethnographic Study of Gond Tribe
• Ethnographic Study of Kisan Tribe
• Ethnographic Study of Kora Tribe

The study provides an in-depth understanding of the three tribes’ socio-cultural and economic aspects, highlighting their unique lifestyles and challenges. The digitized documentation serves as a valuable resource for future research and policy-making aimed at improving the conditions of these vulnerable groups in Jharkhand.